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Urinary tract infections are common in pregnancy and include cystitis (infection of the bladder) and pyelonephritis (infection of the kidney). Asymptomatic bacteriuria (ASB) is the finding of bacteria in the urinary tract without signs or symptoms of infection. In pregnancy, urinary tract infections

Urinary incontinence is the accidental involuntary leakage of urine. Being able to hold ones urine depends on the normal function of the bladder and urethra as well as normal neurologic reflexes. It also depends on the functional and cognitive ability to urinate voluntarily. When there is a problem in

UTI stands for urinary tract infection and is a common infection in women. The urinary tract consists of an upper portion (kidneys and ureters) and a lower portion (bladder and urethra). UTIs usually start in the lower tract when bacteria enters the urethra (bladder opening) and infects the bladder leading

Uterine prolapse occurs when the pelvic muscle weakens and cannot support the weight of the uterus. This allows the uterus to drop into the vagina or through the vaginal opening. It is a common condition that affects nearly half of women between the ages 50 and 79. Disclaimer: The information on this

A VBAC, or vaginal birth after cesarean section, occurs when a patient has a vaginal delivery after having had a C-section in a previous pregnancy. Before this is completed, the attempt for the vaginal delivery is called a TOLAC, or trial of labor after cesarean section. There are both risks and benefits

Vaginal candidiasis is also known as a yeast infection. It is caused by a fungus called Candida. The infection occurs when the balance of bacteria and yeast in the vagina is altered and the yeast overgrow and cause symptoms. These symptoms include redness, itching and burning of the area outside the

Vaginismus is a recurrent spasm of the outer third of the vagina that interferes with with sexual intercourse, tampon placement, and gynecologic exam. It occurs in 5-15 % of women and is characterized by both psychological and physical factors. Disclaimer: The information on this website is provided

Vaginitis is inflammation and/or infection of the vagina. Symptoms can include irritation, odor, itch, and discharge. Vaginitis can be associated with douching, vaginal washes, sexual activity, and other risk factors. The most common causes of vaginitis are bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiasis,

A vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) is an abnormal communication between the bladder and the vagina that may form after obstetric trauma, pelvic irradiation or pelvic surgery. The most common symptom that a patient presents with is continuous leakage of urine from the vagina. Depending on the size and location

Vulvar contact dermatitis is an inflammatory condition caused by irritants or allergens. Symptoms may include chronic itching or burning. Differential diagnosis includes but is not limited to vulvovaginitis such as candidiasis, lichen simplex chronicus, lichen sclerosus, and vaginal atrophy. Diagnosis

Vulvar lichen planus is an inflammatory condition that can affect the skin, oral mucosa, and vulvovaginal area. It can cause pain, soreness, itching, discharge, and lead to scarring. It is more common in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women, and patients with autoimmune disorders. The exact cause

Vulvar lichen sclerosus is a chronic dermatologic condition that can cause pruritus and pain of the anogenital skin, and leads to scarring. It can sometimes be asymptomatic. It is more common in prepubertal girls and postmenopausal women. The exact cause is unknown, but may include a combination of autoimmune

Vulvar lichen simplex chronicus is a chronic inflammatory disease of the vulva characterized by intense itching and scratching. It is both a primary cause of vulvar pruritus and a secondary complication of any vulvar pruritic condition. Factors that can cause the initial pruritus include heat, excessive

Vulvar skin disorders are inflammatory conditions that can cause pruritus, pain, and sexual dysfunction. The most common vulvar skin conditions are contact dermatitis, lichen simplex chronicus, lichen sclerosus, and lichen planus. The differential diagnosis may also include vulvovaginitis such as candidiasis,

Vulvodynia is pain in the vulva lasting more than 3 months without any finding of visible lesion or neurologic issue. It may be localized or generalized and may be brought on by touch or happen spontaneously. It is very common in young women with a second peak in menopausal women. Disclaimer: The